Crimea: Historical Timeline: 1783-2014
Dick Atlee (version 1.1)
Updated: 3 March 2017
(printable 1-page PDF)
(
Home <
Issues <
Fake News <
Russia
)
(see Context Notes, below)
(For an intense Crimean view of the situation,
see Andrei Kondrashov's 2015 documentary "Crimea: way back home")
1783 | Former Crimean Khanate is annexed by the Russian Empire. | |
1921 | Crimea is part of Soviet Russia: Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (CASSR) was part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). | |
1922 | After declaring independence in 1918 & falling under German control, Ukraine joins USSR. | |
2/19/54 | CASSR transferred from RSFSR to UkraineSSR by Supreme Soviet of USSR. Controversial! Done without a quorum, supposedly with the constitutionally necessary consent of both parliaments. Ex-poste-claimed reason: 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav that unified Cossack and Muscovy areas leading to Russian acquisition of Ukraine. Likely functional reasons: Crimea is an extension of Ukrainian steppe, integration of Crimean/Ukraine economies, Khruschev fond of Ukraine, and to bind Ukraine closer to USSR because of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol. | |
1990 | UkraineSSR Parliament: Declaration of State Sovereignty, new self-determined state within UkraineSSR boundaries, including the ethnically non-Ukrainian (mostly Russian) Crimea. | |
1/20/91 | Crimean referendum to restore pre-1954 status in RSFSR (81% turnout, 93% passage). | |
2/12/91 | UkraineSSR Supreme Soviet accepts referendum results. | |
8/24/91 | UkraineSSR Supreme Court declares Ukraine independent, with Crimea as its territory (specifically failing to hold required Crimean referendum, which would have rejected this). | |
12/1/91 | Ukraine-wide independence referendum; most Crimeans boycotted, but quorum was achieved by allowing non-residents to vote in Crimean polling stations. | |
1/92 | Russian Supreme Soviet questions constitutionality of 1954 transfer. | |
1992 | Ongoing Crimean protests and demands for secession occur. Supreme Council of Crimea passes Act of State Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, approves Crimean constitution, passes resolution to hold a referendum. | |
8/2/92 | Original date scheduled for referendum, but Kiev manages to postpone it. Kiev forces dozens of rewrites of constitution. | |
1994 | Referendum held, but only as a public opinion poll. First Crimean Presidential election, Russian nationalist administration takes over, promising return to Russia, but plan is shelved. | |
1995 | Crimean Presidency and constitution abolished. | |
1997 | Ukraine/Russian treaty recognizes Ukraine borders and sovereignty over Crimea. | |
1998 | Ukraine aligns Crimean law with Ukrainian law = last step before final annexation. | |
until 2014 | Any Ukraine attempt to abolish Crimean autonomy met with large protests and demands to restore Republic of Crimea statehood and 1992 Constitution. | |
2/2014 | Overthrow of Ukraine government by Western-financed/instigated/controlled rightist forces. | |
2/21/2014 | Crimea opposes the coup; Crimean buses returning from Kiev attacked by Ukraine nationalists. | |
3/16/2014 | Crimean referendum to return to Russia passes by 96%, citing 2008 precedent of Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia. (Hear Crimeans talk about this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpKoXLBtnU8; local audio MP3) There'd been much international disagreement about the validity of Kosovo as a precedent; even Putin had said in 2008 it was a dangerous precedent unless approved by both sides (which was the case in the Crimean situation), and would come back to "bite" the West. | |
Important: | NO RUSSIAN INVASION: Russians already there at Russia's Black Sea Fleet naval base in Sevastopol. |
This timeline is produced in response to the Fake News claims of both (1) a supposed "Russian invasion" and (2) a "Russian grabbing" of Crimea in the Ukraine.
Yet any attempt to point out the falsehood of these two pieces of Fake News is met with cries of "Russian propaganda" and accusations of "Putin Stooge." This is all the more egregious in its failure to take account the well-known fact that the U.S. State Department and the notorious government-funded National Endowment for Democracy were heavily involved in organizing, training and paying for the 2014 right-wing overthrow of the elected (if corrupt) Ukrainian government. The result of that coup was the release of overt neo-Nazi death troops on eastern Ukrainian towns -- the east being more ethnically Russian or Russian-oriented. Over 9,000 people have died and hundreds of thousands have been displaced or escaped (mostly to Russia) in the ensuing carnage. The Crimeans knew very well what was going to happen, so it isn't in any way surprising that they voted overwhelmingly for annexation with a protective Russia. |