Crimea: Historical Timeline: 1783-2014
Dick Atlee (version 1.1)
Updated: 3 March 2017
(printable 1-page PDF)

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(see Context Notes, below)

Sources
http://orientalreview.org/2017/02/08/what-nikky-haley-should-know-about-annexed-crimea/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ukraine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_independence_precedent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_Khanate

(For an intense Crimean view of the situation,
see Andrei Kondrashov's 2015 documentary "Crimea: way back home")

1783    Former Crimean Khanate is annexed by the Russian Empire.
1921Crimea is part of Soviet Russia: Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (CASSR) was part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).
1922After declaring independence in 1918 & falling under German control, Ukraine joins USSR.
2/19/54CASSR transferred from RSFSR to UkraineSSR by Supreme Soviet of USSR.
Controversial! Done without a quorum, supposedly with the constitutionally necessary consent of both parliaments.
Ex-poste-claimed reason: 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav that unified Cossack and Muscovy areas leading to Russian acquisition of Ukraine.
Likely functional reasons: Crimea is an extension of Ukrainian steppe, integration of Crimean/Ukraine economies, Khruschev fond of Ukraine, and to bind Ukraine closer to USSR because of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol.
1990UkraineSSR Parliament: Declaration of State Sovereignty, new self-determined state within UkraineSSR boundaries, including the ethnically non-Ukrainian (mostly Russian) Crimea.
1/20/91Crimean referendum to restore pre-1954 status in RSFSR (81% turnout, 93% passage).
2/12/91UkraineSSR Supreme Soviet accepts referendum results.
8/24/91UkraineSSR Supreme Court declares Ukraine independent, with Crimea as its territory (specifically failing to hold required Crimean referendum, which would have rejected this).
12/1/91Ukraine-wide independence referendum; most Crimeans boycotted, but quorum was achieved by allowing non-residents to vote in Crimean polling stations.
1/92Russian Supreme Soviet questions constitutionality of 1954 transfer.
1992Ongoing Crimean protests and demands for secession occur.
Supreme Council of Crimea passes Act of State Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, approves Crimean constitution, passes resolution to hold a referendum.
8/2/92Original date scheduled for referendum, but Kiev manages to postpone it. Kiev forces dozens of rewrites of constitution.
1994Referendum held, but only as a public opinion poll.
First Crimean Presidential election, Russian nationalist administration takes over, promising return to Russia, but plan is shelved.
1995Crimean Presidency and constitution abolished.
1997Ukraine/Russian treaty recognizes Ukraine borders and sovereignty over Crimea.
1998Ukraine aligns Crimean law with Ukrainian law = last step before final annexation.
until 2014Any Ukraine attempt to abolish Crimean autonomy met with large protests and demands to restore Republic of Crimea statehood and 1992 Constitution.
2/2014Overthrow of Ukraine government by Western-financed/instigated/controlled rightist forces.
2/21/2014Crimea opposes the coup; Crimean buses returning from Kiev attacked by Ukraine nationalists.
3/16/2014Crimean referendum to return to Russia passes by 96%, citing 2008 precedent of Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia. (Hear Crimeans talk about this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpKoXLBtnU8; local audio MP3)
There'd been much international disagreement about the validity of Kosovo as a precedent; even Putin had said in 2008 it was a dangerous precedent unless approved by both sides (which was the case in the Crimean situation), and would come back to "bite" the West.
Important:NO RUSSIAN INVASION: Russians already there at Russia's Black Sea Fleet naval base in Sevastopol.


Context Notes

This timeline is produced in response to the Fake News claims of both (1) a supposed "Russian invasion" and (2) a "Russian grabbing" of Crimea in the Ukraine.
  1. It was obvious from the start that there was no invasion. The Russian military had been in the Crimea for decades (one could say centuries) due to the Russian Black Sea Fleet naval base at Sevastopol. There was no invasive border crossing, despite efforts by ABC and others to pretend there was by using photos of Russian tanks from Russia's 2008 war with Georgia (started by Georgia with implicit U.S. support).
  2. There was also no "grabbing" of Crimea by Russia, given that the 2014 referendum in primarily ethnic Russian Crimea to rejoin Russia passed by 96%. The U.S. claimed it was a flawed referendum because of Russian "occupation," ignoring both the fact that the Russians had always been welcome there, and a previous 1991 referendum had overwhelmingly (93%) but temporarily reversed a controversial 1954 Ukraine/Russia agreement to hand Crimea over Ukraine.

Yet any attempt to point out the falsehood of these two pieces of Fake News is met with cries of "Russian propaganda" and accusations of "Putin Stooge."

This is all the more egregious in its failure to take account the well-known fact that the U.S. State Department and the notorious government-funded National Endowment for Democracy were heavily involved in organizing, training and paying for the 2014 right-wing overthrow of the elected (if corrupt) Ukrainian government. The result of that coup was the release of overt neo-Nazi death troops on eastern Ukrainian towns -- the east being more ethnically Russian or Russian-oriented. Over 9,000 people have died and hundreds of thousands have been displaced or escaped (mostly to Russia) in the ensuing carnage. The Crimeans knew very well what was going to happen, so it isn't in any way surprising that they voted overwhelmingly for annexation with a protective Russia.